Test planning involves creating a comprehensive strategy that outlines how the testing process will be executed throughout the software development lifecycle. This includes defining the scope of testing, objectives, resource allocation, and timelines. A well-structured test plan ensures that testing efforts are organized, efficient, and aligned with project goals.

Functional testing is a fundamental aspect of software testing where individual functions and features of the software are thoroughly examined. Testers evaluate whether each function performs as intended and complies with the specified requirements. Functional testing helps identify and report any deviations, inconsistencies, or defects in the software's functionality.

Performance testing assesses how well a software application performs under different conditions and loads. This category includes various types of testing, such as load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing. Performance testing helps ensure that the software can handle expected workloads without degradation in response times or system crashes.

Security testing focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses within the software that could be exploited by malicious actors. This category includes techniques like penetration testing, code reviews, and vulnerability scanning to assess the software's security posture. The goal is to fortify the software's defenses and protect it from potential threats and breaches.

Usability and UX testing evaluates the software's user-friendliness and overall user experience. Testers assess factors like ease of navigation, intuitiveness of the user interface, and how well the software meets the needs and expectations of its intended users. This testing ensures that the software is enjoyable to use and aligns with user preferences.

Regression testing is an ongoing process to ensure that code changes and updates do not introduce new defects or disrupt existing functionality. It involves retesting previously validated areas of the software to confirm that they still work as expected. Regression testing is critical to maintaining software stability and reliability as the application evolves over time.